AWARENESS AND PERCEPTION OF COLORECTAL CANCER SCREENING AMONG TEACHERS IN SELECTED SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN ETI-OSA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF LAGOS STATE
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- NGN 3000
Background of the study
According to study conducted by Cancer Research UK in 2021, cancer is the primary cause of death in countries all over the globe. The World Health Organization (WHO) ranks colorectal cancer (CRC) as the fourth leading cause of mortality from cancer. In Saudi Arabia, colorectal cancer is the most prevalent form of the disease among men, while it is the third most prevalent form among females. Since 2002, there has been a discernible rise in the number of reported cases.
In the field of oncologic pathology, colorectal cancer ranks as the third most prevalent kind of the disease. It is considered the second most common cause of death related to cancer affecting men and women in the same manner throughout the world, developed and undeveloped countries, and it is expected to overtake the mortality rate of heart diseases in the coming years. At the moment, it is the most common malignant cancer in the gastrointestinal tract, accounting for 13% of all malignant tumors. Additionally, it is the second most common cause of death related to cancer. It is a disease that is common in people between the ages of 65 and 74, with a greater frequency in women. However, owing to risk factors such as obesity, sedentarism, poor dietary habits (rich in fats and proteins), smoking, and the gradual aging of the population, this illness is detected more commonly in patients who are younger. The clinical appearance of colorectal cancer in a patient is dependent on the size of the tumor, its location, and whether or not it has spread to other parts of the body (metastases). Symptoms such as stomach discomfort, changes in bowel habits that have been present for a long time, irregular bowel movements, involuntary weight loss, nausea, vomiting, malaise, anorexia, and abdominal distensión are evident in the clinical presentation (Cancer research UK 2021).
According to Mosli and Al-Ahwal (2012), the survival rate for colorectal cancer is 44.6%, which is a poor number when compared to the survival rate for CRC globally. If detected at an earlier stage, colorectal cancer is one of the malignancies that may be avoided entirely. Patients who are aware of the signs and symptoms of CRC are more likely to seek treatment at an earlier stage. Screening may help lower the incidence of CRC and the death rate associated with it. There are many different types of CRC screening tests, including non-invasive tests such as fecal occult blood testing (FOBT) and stool DNA testing, as well as invasive tests such as flexible sigmoidoscopy and colonoscopy. Some of these tests are more accurate than others, but all of them can detect colorectal cancer. Screening for colorectal cancer has been shown in several trials to reduce the risk of death from the disease. For example, a flexible sigmoidoscopy may cut the risk of dying from colorectal cancer by 43 percent, and a fecal occult blood test, which is a straightforward non-invasive self-screening test that looks for trace quantities of blood in bowel movements, can cut the risk of dying from colorectal cancer (Cancer research UK 2021).
We are also able to locate and remove premalignant adenomatous polyps if we do screening. Age is a risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC), hence the majority of international recommendations advocate screening for everyone over the age of 50. A history of colon cancer in the family, being overweight, having inflammatory bowel disease, and smoking are all additional risk factors for CRC.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Indeed, it is anticipated that screening will have a major influence on the incidence and death rates of colorectal cancer over the course of the next 15 years. This is an effect that is not likely to come from either lifestyle modifications or new therapies. Screening will only be able to make these improvements with high uptake; as a result, major improvements in non-invasive screening (for example, faecal immunochemical testing and faecal DNA testing) are currently being investigated as alternatives to the current gold-standard, but invasive, screening methodology — colonoscopy (Cancer research UK 2021).
The majority of patients in Nigeria with colorectal cancer are sent for treatment at an advanced stage with metastases, which makes treatment more challenging and increases the fatality rate. A person who is aware of the early indications of CRC is better able to avoid the risk factors. Screening may also help reduce the risk of dying from colorectal cancer by discovering the disease at an earlier stage. It is impossible to deny the significant impact that teachers have on their communities.
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The main aim of this study is to examine the awareness and perception of colorectal cancer screening among teachers in selected secondary schools in Eti-osa local government area of Lagos state. Specifically, this study seeks:
- To determine whether teachers in Eti-osa local government area of Lagos state are aware of colorectal cancer.
- To determine the level of awareness and perception of colorectal cancer screening among teachers in Eti-osa local government area of Lagos state.
- To determine whether teachers in Eti-osa local government area of Lagos state undergo colorectal cancer screening.
- To examine the challenges of colorectal cancer screening among teachers in Eti-osa local government area of Lagos state.
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